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Assessment of temporal and spatial variations in water quality using multivariate statistical methods

Xue LI,Pengjing LI,Dong WANG,Yuqiu WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第6期页码 895-904 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0736-z

摘要： This study evaluated the temporal and spatial variations of water quality data sets for the Xin'anjiang River through the use of multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), correlation analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA). The water samples, measured by ten parameters, were collected every month for three years (2008–2010) from eight sampling stations located along the river. The hierarchical CA classified the 12 months into three periods (First, Second and Third Period) and the eight sampling sites into three groups (Groups 1, 2 and 3) based on seasonal differences and various pollution levels caused by physicochemical properties and anthropogenic activities. DA identified three significant parameters (temperature, pH and ) to distinguish temporal groups with close to 76% correct assignment. The DA also discovered five parameters (temperature, electricity conductivity, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus) for spatial variation analysis, with 80.56% correct assignment. The non–parametric correlation coefficient (Spearman R) explained the relationship between the water quality parameters and the basin characteristics, and the GIS made the results visual and direct. The PCA identified four PCs for Groups 1 and 2, and three PCs for Group 3. These PCs captured 68.94%, 67.48% and 70.35% of the total variance of Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Although natural pollution affects the Xin'anjiang River, the main sources of pollution included agricultural activities, industrial waste, and domestic wastewater.

关键词： Xin'anjiang River multivariable statistical analysis temporal variation spatial variation water quality

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Factor analysis for the statistical modeling of earthquake-induced landslides

Jeng-Wen LIN, Meng-Hsun HSIEH, Yu-Jen LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 123-126 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0582-y

摘要： Earthquake-induced landslides are difficult to assess and predict owing to the inherent unpredictability of earthquakes. In most existing studies, the landslide potential is statistically assessed by collecting and analyzing the data of historical landslide events and earthquake observation records. Unlike rainfall-induced landslides, earthquake-induced landslides cannot be predicted in advance using real-time monitoring systems, and the development of the models for these landslides should instead depend on early earthquake warnings and estimations. Hence, in this study, factor analysis was performed and the frequency distribution method was employed to investigate the potential risk of the landslides caused by earthquakes. Factors such as the slope gradient, lithology (geology), aspect, and elevation were selected and classified as influential factors to facilitate the construction of a landslide database for the area of study.

关键词： earthquake factor analysis slope landslides statistical modeling

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Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

Jihong LING,Luhui ZHAO,Jincheng XING,Zhiqiang LU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 513-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5

摘要： To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m /a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m ·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m ·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m ·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.

关键词： energy intensity indoor thermal comfort residential building survey statistical analysis energy conversation

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Analysis on the distinguishing features of traditional Chinese therapeutics and related statistical issues

Jingqing Hu, Jie Qiao, Deying Kang, Baoyan Liu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第2期页码 203-207 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0138-6

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is one of the rarely existing ancient traditional medicines that hold systematic theories as well as preventative and therapeutic methods for diseases in practice. From the 1950s, such research methods as mathematics, statistics, and data mining (DM) have been gradually introduced to TCM studies, making it more scientific. Meanwhile, the distinct features of TCM theories and diagnostic-model have constantly challenged the methodology of statistics. This paper introduces the following scientific features of traditional Chinese therapeutics: 1) its goal is to balance the functions and conditions of human body; 2) it emphasizes on holism and individualization; 3) it stresses the longitudinal regulation and evaluation mode, which is a circle of syndrome diagnosis, treatment and evaluation; 4) the interventions of TCM are abundant, compound and natural; and 5) humanistic thought is everywhere. Some statistical problems are raised based on these features. First, complex statistical methods that can analyze subjective indexes and latent variables, multidimensional and multistage data, non-equilibrium designed studies, and longitudinal data are required. Second, comprehensive evaluation on multiple-target mechanism has been brought in by combination treatment. Third, there is a need to analyze how humanity and related cultural factors may influence the effect of interventions. Thus, promoting implemented studies of statistics as well as carrying out the TCM scientific propositions have become the common expectations of both TCM and modern medicine.

关键词： traditional Chinese therapeutics feature statistic

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复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析及其应用

盛美萍

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第6期页码 77-84

摘要：

文章综合导纳分析法、经典统计能量分析方法和经典功率流理论的各自优点，提出适合复杂耦合系统的统计能量分析方法，为研究实际机械结构之间的振动传递规律、复杂机械系统的声辐射特性提供理论依据，为实际工程结构的振动隔离、噪声治理提供理论指导。文章首次提出统计能量分析参数必须统一定义，将影响实际机械结构相互之间能量传递的若干要素各自分离，并引入相应的参数分别开展研究。利用理论研究的成果，发展后的统计能量分析首次应用于水下航行器振动和噪声特性分析，预报了水下航行器的振动传递规律和辐射噪声级。理论分析与实验测试结果符合较好。文章指出了水下航行器噪声治理的方向。

关键词：功率流统计能量分析导纳耦合

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Development of mix design method based on statistical analysis of different factors for geopolymer concrete

Paramveer SINGH; Kanish KAPOOR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第10期页码 1315-1335 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0853-x

摘要： The present study proposes the mix design method of Fly Ash (FA) based geopolymer concrete using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In this method, different factors, including binder content, alkali/binder ratio, NS/NH ratio (sodium silicate/sodium hydroxide), NH molarity, and water/solids ratio were considered for the mix design of geopolymer concrete. The 2D contour plots were used to setup the mix design method to achieve the target compressive strength. The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete is divided into three categories based on curing regime, specifically one ambient curing (25 °C) and two heat curing (60 and 90 °C). The proposed mix design method of geopolymer concrete was validated through experimentation of M30, M50, and M70 concrete mixes at all curing regimes. The observed experimental compressive strength results validate the mix design method by more than 90% of their target strength. Furthermore, the current study concluded that the required compressive strength can be achieved by varying any factor in the mix design. In addition, the factor analysis revealed that the NS/NH ratio significantly affects the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete.

关键词： geopolymer concrete mix design fly ash response surface methodology compressive strength stress−strain

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Statistical process control with intelligence using fuzzy ART neural networks

Min WANG, Tao ZAN, Renyuan FEI,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第2期页码 149-156 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0008-y

摘要： With the automation development of manufacturing processes, artificial intelligence technology has been gradually employed to increase the automation and intelligence degree in quality control using statistical process control (SPC) method. In this paper, an SPC method based on a fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural network is presented. The fuzzy ART neural network is applied to recognize the special disturbance of the manufacturing processes based on the classification on the histograms, which shows that the fuzzy ART neural network can adaptively learn the features of the histograms of the quality parameters in manufacturing processes. As a result, the special disturbance can be automatically detected when a feature of the special disturbance starts to appear in the histograms. At the same time, combined with spectrum analysis of the autoregressive model of quality parameters, the fuzzy ART neural network can also be utilized to adaptively detect the abnormal patterns in the control chart.

关键词： statistical process control (SPC) fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (ART) histogram control chart time series analysis

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Multivariable regression model for Fox depth correction factor

Ravi Kant MITTAL, Sanket RAWAT, Piyush BANSAL

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 103-109 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0474-6

摘要： This paper presents a simple and efficient equation for calculating the Fox depth correction factor used in computation of settlement reduction due to foundation embedment. Classical solution of Boussinesq theory was used originally to develop the Fox depth correction factor equations which were rather complex in nature. The equations were later simplified in the form of graphs and tables and referred in various international code of practices and standard texts for an unsophisticated and quick analysis. However, these tables and graphs provide the factor only for limited values of the input variables and hence again complicates the process of automation of analysis. Therefore, this paper presents a non-linear regression model for the analysis of effect of embedment developed using “IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences” software. Through multiple iterations, the value of coefficient of determination is found to reach 0.987. The equation is straightforward, competent and easy to use for both manual and automated calculation of the Fox depth correction factor for wide range of input values. Using the developed equation, parametric study is also conducted in the later part of the paper to analyse the extent of effect of a particular variable on the Fox depth factor.

关键词： settlement embedment Fox depth correction factor regression multivariable

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Probability strength design of steam turbine blade and sensitivity analysis with respect to random parameters

DUAN Wei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 107-115 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0018-1

摘要： Many stochastic parameters have an effect on the reliability of a steam turbine blade during practical operation. To improve the reliability of blade design, it is necessary to take these stochastic parameters into account. An equal cross-section blade is investigated and a finite element model is built parametrically. Geometrical parameters, material parameters and load parameters of the blade are considered as input random variables while the maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress are output random variables. Analysis file of the blade is compiled by deterministic finite element method and applied to be loop file to create sample points. A quadratic polynomial with cross terms is chosen to regress these samples by step-forward regression method and employed as a surrogate of numerical solver to drastically reduce the number of solvers call. Then, Monte Carlo method is used to obtain the statistical characteristics and cumulative distribution function of the maximum deflection and maximum equivalent stress of the blade. Probability sensitivity analysis, which combines the slope of the gradient and the width of the scatter range of the random input variables, is applied to evaluate how much the output parameters are influenced by the random input parameters. The scatter plots of structural responses with respect to the random input variables are illustrated to analyze how to change the input random variables to improve the reliability of the blade. The results show that combination of the finite element method, the response surface method and Monte Carlo method is an ideal way for the reliability analysis and probability strength design of the blade.

关键词： Probability sensitivity sensitivity analysis number cross-section statistical

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Analysis of statistical thermodynamic model for binary protein adsorption equilibria on cation exchange

ZHOU Xiaopeng, SU Xueli, SUN Yan

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 103-112 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0020-x

摘要： A study of nonlinear competitive adsorption equilibria of proteins is of fundamental importance in understanding the behavior of preparative chromatographic separation. This work describes the nonlinear binary protein adsorption equilibria on ion exchangers by the statistical thermodynamic (ST) model. The single-component and binary protein adsorption isotherms of bovine hemoglobin (Hb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on SP Sepharose FF were determined by batch adsorption experiments in 0.05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer at three pH values (4.5, 5.0 and 5.5) and three NaCl concentrations (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mol/L) at pH 5.0. The ST model was found to depict the effects of pH and ionic strength on the single-component equilibria well, with model parameters depending on the pH and ionic strength. Moreover, the ST model gave acceptable fitting to the binary adsorption data with the fitted single-component model parameters, leading to the estimation of the binary ST model parameter. The effects of pH and ionic strength on the model parameters are reasonably interpreted by the electrostatic and thermodynamic theories. Results demonstrate the availability of the ST model for describing nonlinear competitive protein adsorption equilibria in the presence of two proteins.

关键词： fundamental importance single-component equilibria acceptable fitting hemoglobin chromatographic separation

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Experimental and statistical investigation of a new concrete-composite beam with encased polymer tube

Abdelmadjid SI SALEM,Souad AIT TALEB,Kamal AIT TAHAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 154-162 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0296-8

摘要： A new concrete-composite beam with high mechanical performances to weight ratio is developed in this study. The proposed design technique consists to embed a cylindrical polymer tube wrapped by a GFRP Jacket in the mechanically ineffective concrete tensile zone. An experimental investigation is carried out on composite beams under bending loads until failure to evaluate the flexural capacity and the corresponding failure mechanisms. Based on the experimental results, statistical and preliminary reliability analyses using the FORM method are performed to assess the safety margin of the new beam. The confrontation between test and simulation results shows a satisfactory agreement, and represents a promising revelation regarding the improvement in terms of strength and ductility of such design compared to conventional reinforced concrete beams with traditional one.

关键词： design GFRP-Jacket polymer tube test reliability analysis

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基于知识的多变量非线性系统变结构解耦控制

涂承媛,曾衍钧

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 48-52

摘要：

文章提出了一种基于知识的变结构解耦控制策略，并用于多变量非线性系统的控制，避免了传统解耦控制所必须的建模过程，特别是避免了相应的大量复杂的矩阵运算。阐述了其控制知识库中的一些模块，给出了其算法要点。提出的策略成功地用于一个3×3强耦合系统一三绕组加热标准温度源的恒温控制，得到了温度稳定性和温度均匀性都优于1℃的效果，这是传统方法用于该系统所无法实现的。

关键词：多变量非线性系统解耦控制基于知识的变结构解耦

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中国交通运输隧道发展数据统计分析

赵勇, 李鹏飞

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第1期页码 3-5 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.12.011

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Quantification of coarse aggregate shape in concrete

Xianglin GU,Yvonne TRAN,Li HONG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 308-321 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0266-6

摘要： The objective of this study is to choose indices for the characterization of aggregate form and angularity for large scale application. For this purpose, several parameters for aggregate form and angularity featured in previous research are presented. Then, based on these established parameters, 200 coarse quartzite aggregates are analyzed herein by using image processing technology. This paper also analyzes the statistical distributions of parameters for aggregate form and angularity as well as the correlation between form and angularity parameters. It was determined that the parameters for form or angularity of coarse aggregates could be fitted by either normal distribution or log-normal distribution at a 95% confidence level. Some of the form parameters were influenced by changes in angularity characteristics, while aspect ratio and angularity using outline slope, area ratio and radius angularity index, and aspect ratio and angularity index were independent of each other, respectively; and consequently, the independent parameters could be used to quantify the aggregate form and angularity for the purpose to study the influence of aggregate shape on the mechanical behavior of concrete. Furthermore, results from this study’s in-depth investigations showed that the aspect ratio and the angularity index can further understanding of the effects of coarse aggregates form and angularity on concrete mechanical properties, respectively. Finally, coarse aggregates with the same content, type and surfaces texture, but different aspect ratios and angularity indices were used to study the influence of coarse aggregate form and angularity on the behavior of concrete. It was revealed that the splitting tensile strength of concrete increased with increases in the aspect ratio or angularity index of coarse aggregates.

关键词： coarse aggregate form angularity digital image analysis statistical distribution splitting tensile strength

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高通量统计映射表征技术研究进展及其应用 Review

王海舟, 赵雷, 贾云海, 李冬玲, 杨丽霞, 卢毓华, 冯光, 万卫浩

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第6期页码 621-636 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.005

摘要：

实际材料是非均匀的、多元的、复杂的，任何材料在特定尺度下都不可能是绝对均匀的或者绝对规则的，可视为“自然芯片”，一个材料每个位置上的成分、组织结构和性能都存在着微小差异，而这种微小差异的组合形成了材料整体性能，本文综述了基于材料非均匀性本质的高通量统计映射表征技术的研究及应用进展。高通量统计映射表征技术采用一系列跨尺度快速表征技术，从宏观到微观逐级分析，快速获取实际大尺寸试样每个位置上的成分、组织结构和各种性能参量的数据集；通过准确的位置坐标信息，将这些数据集按照点对点的对应关系，形成组合映射点阵数据仓库；根据材料研发的设计需求，从数据仓库中筛选出符合要求的目标区间内的映射数据集；通过对目标区间内映射数据集的统计解析，筛查出接近设计需求的映射数据集，再经过反复验证最终获得反映材料性能的基本单元（组）；通过确定的工艺优化指向参量，验证这些基本单元（组）在介观尺度的组装，最终建立微观-介观-宏观-常规试样-构件跨尺度的成分-组织结构-特性间的量化相关性。高通量统计映射表征技术已在各种钢铁、高温合金、镀层板、铁硅合金等材料体系得到应用，有效地指导了工艺的优化及材料的改性。

关键词：材料非均匀性高通量表征统计映射原位统计分布分析